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Monumentum

Altar of Firmidius Severinus from Geneva

This limestone altar bears an inscription from its donor, Firmidius Severinus, in honour of Mithras after 26 years of service in the Legio VIII Augusta.
Altar of Firmidius Severinus from Geneva

Altar of Firmidius Severinus from Geneva
Musée d'art et d'histoire de Geneva

 
The New Mithraeum
5 Sep 2023
Updated on May 2026

TNMM 599 ↔ CIMRM 916

Altar from Geneva.

Deo invicto / genio loci / Firmidius Se/verinus mi(les) /leg(ionis) VIII aug(ustae) p(iae) f(idelis) / c(onstantis) C(ommodae) stip(endiorum) XXVI aram / ex voto pro salute / sua v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito). Posita / Muciano et Fabiano co(n)s(ulibus).

201 A.D.


The altar was found in 1752, at Saint-Pierre, in the foundations of the cathedral.

Of limestone, height 1.05 m, width 51.5 cm, thickness 42 cm, its upper surface is hollowed out in the shape of a patera, and one of the faces carries [an] inscription.

The inscription can be dated precisely by the consuls to A.D. 201.

Mithras was frequently referred to as the deus invictus, and there are known adherents of his cult among soldiers of the 8th legion, but, in view of the absence of et between the names deus invictus and genius loci, it could be that the dedication is to a single deity, the invincible god who is also the genius loci, and it is doubtful whether Mithras could be a genius loci.


La dédicace mithriaque de Genève fait suivre la consécration «au dieu invaincu» de la mention «au Génie du lieu» : de quel «lieu» s'agit-il? A Asturica Augusta (Astorga, en Espagne), la dédicace Soli invicto, égalé en l'occurrence à Jupiter O.M. et à Liber Pater, précède la mention Genio praetorii. Sur une inscription mutilée de Siscia, la dédicace à Jupiter était suivie d'autres noms de dieux, et Sol y est également associé au Genius loci. Dans le cas de l'inscription genevoise, que le datif Genio loci soit une apposition («au dieu invaincu, Génie du lieu») ou une juxtaposition asyndétique («au dieu invaincu, au Génie du lieu»), Mithra est égalé au dieu sub cujus tutela hic locus est. Dans la première hypothèse (apposition), l'équation confirmerait que l'autel a bien été consacré dans le lieu même dont Mithra est le gardien, c'est-à-dire le mithréum; dans la seconde hypothèse, la juxtapositio démontrerait tout simplement le souci qu'avait le dédicant, le soldat Firmidius Severinus, de plaire à son grand dieu en même temps qu'au «démon» local. Il faut rapprocher l'autel de Borcovicum (Housesteads, en Angleterre) consacré à Jupiter O.M., à Cocidius (dieu indigène) genioq(ue) huj(us) loci, car il provient aussi d'un mithréum; mais dans la dédicace de Genève, il n'y a pas de -que.

CIMRM II 916

'Ara Genevae reperta in fundamentis ecclesiae cathedralis. Nunc in Museo'.

Deonna in Genava IV, 1926, 229f No. 3; Howald-Meyer, 227 No. 110; Staehelin, 525 n. 1.

The inscription probably is Mithraic as the god was worshipped in the Legio VIII.

CIL XII 2587

Deo invicto / genio loci / Firmidius Se/verinus mi[les] /leg[ionis] VIII aug[ustae] p[iae] f[idelis] / c[onstantis] C[ommodae] stip[endiorum] XXVI aram / ex voto pro salute / sua v[otum] s[olvit] l[ibens] m[erito]. Posita / Muciano et Fabiano co[n]s[ulibus].
Firmidius Severinus, a soldier of the 8th legion of Augustus, pious and loyal to Commodus, erected this altar to the invincible god and genius of this place for his salvation after 26 years of service, following a vow he willingly fulfilled. During the consulate of Mucianus and Fabianus.

References

CIL XII 2587; MMM II 506.

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