The area was populated by Iberians, but the origins of Baetulo date back to the 1st century BC, when the Romans founded the city on the Rosés hill. Baetulo was famous for its vineyards, which produced wine for export throughout the Empire.
In the 5th century BC, a Celtic refuge and place of worship was built on the Heiligenberg, or 'Holy Mountain'. In 40 AD a fort was built and occupied by the Romans.
Lanuvium (modern Lanuvio) was an ancient city of Latium Vetus, about 32 km southeast of Rome. A member of the Latin League, it was conquered by Rome in 338 BC and remained an active municipium into the Imperial period.
Peltuinum was a Roman town of the Vestini on the Via Claudia Nova, founded in the mid-1st century BC. It developed into a regional centre with city walls, a sanctuary, a theatre and an amphitheatre, and was monumentalised in the early Imperial period
