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Between the 1st and 4th centuries, Mithraism developed throughout the Roman world. Much material exists, but textual evidence is scarce. The only ancient work that fills this gap is Porphyry’s intense and complex essay.
Porphyry’s allegorical reading of Homer’s cave as a map of the soul’s descent into matter and return to the divine, drawing on Platonism, astrology and the cult of Mithras.
Labors of Hercules as planetary zodiacal initiations: model mystagogy. The alchemy of Herculean labors.
Two extracts from De abstinentia ab esu animalium by Porphyry on sacrifices and the importance of abstinence from animal food among Persian Magi.
Porphyry states that the Mithraists “perfect their initiate by inducting him into a mystery of the descent of souls and their exit back out again, calling the place a ‘cave’.”.
Interpreting the Bas-relief of Mithras Tauroctonos from Osterburken in the Light of Porphyry’s Treatise, The Cave of the Nymphs.