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Acta diurna

Daily Gazette/2

Acta diurna is our Mithraic social stream for keeping up to date with what is happening in The New Mithraeum.

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Mar 2026
Textus

Mithraeum at Santa Maria Capua Vetere. Revisited in February 2026

This article revisits the Mithraeum of S. Maria Capua Vetere, one of the most complete and artistically refined Mithraic sanctuaries in the Campanian region, situating it within its archaeological, iconographic, and ritual-historical contexts.
Hello! I’ve read your article and am currently immersed in studying the Mithras cult, considering the development of mysteries (I’m involved in historical reconstruction of Ancient Rome in the living history format). Thanks to Peter Mark Adams, I’ve obtained a fragment of his book about Mithras’ mysteries. Could you share what sources you use to develop your practices?
What a wonderful task! Of course, it came with an investment in ritual experience some years ago, after which I decided to hermeticize it; hence I now read mainly academic books from which I derive some grounding for my excursions into ritualism. Let me pick a few that may be useful and commendable:

Uždavinys, Algis. 2008. Philosophy as a Rite of Rebirth: From Ancient Egypt to Neoplatonism. Sedbury, Glos.: Prometheus Trust. — Relevant for its attempt to reconstruct the philosophical pathways underlying the foundations of rite and theurgy.

Ritner, Robert Kriech. 1993. The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice. Fourth printing, with minor corrections. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. — Valuable for providing ritual ideas that, with enough virtuosity and experimentation, may be imaginatively adapted within the “temple” of the inner or ethereal spheres.

Stahl, William Harris. 1990. Macrobius: Commentary on the Dream of Scipio.* New York, NY: Columbia University Press. — Relevant because it describes, albeit quasi-legendary, the rapture of a Roman knight to the celestial spheres and stars above.

Iamblichus; Clarke, Emma C. (trans.). 2003. Iamblichus: On the Mysteries. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. — Important for its clear elucidation of the theology of theurgists.

Apuleius. 2017. Apologia; Florida; De Deo Socratis. Edited by C. P. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. — “On the God of Socrates,” a treatise on daemonology and theology.

Bittrich, Ursula; Bydén, Börje; Gertz, Sebastian Ramon Philipp; Sheppard, Anne D. R.; Tanaseanu-Döbler, Ilinca; Synesius. 2014. *On Prophecy, Dreams and Human Imagination: Synesius, De Insomniis. Edited by D. A. Russell and Heinz-Günther Nesselrath. — Discusses types of dreams and how to discern them (for example, distinguishing a personal dream from a vision sent from beyond).

Kupperman, Jeffrey S. 2014. Living Theurgy: A Course in Iamblichus’ Philosophy, Theology and Theurgy. London: Avalonia. — Another modern attempt to engage these mysteries, offering a practical conceptual toolkit.

Kind regards,
Matt.
I sincerely appreciate your response and the list of books you provided. Were your mentions of Egyptology-related books connected to the liturgy of Mithras? This suggests that the foundation of your experiments is the "Egyptian tradition" within Mithraism. Currently, I believe there were multiple Mithraic traditions: the Roman one, which drew more heavily on Neoplatonic and Pythagorean concepts, and the Egyptian one, which was more rooted in Egyptian magic.
Dear Alex,

Absolutely. As a cult varies according to its geographical context, I am convinced that local modalities were distinct, especially where they existed alongside other magical or theological frameworks. As a generalist in the study of mysteriosophies, however, I try to remain academically humble and avoid conflating traditions. Like a religious comparativist, I believe each lineage deserves its proper respect, scholarly engagement, and dignity.

When it comes to praxis, my position is simply that “what works, works.” The same applies to theurgy. The experiential aspect is too subjective and personal for me to present as explanatory doctrine. I would rather not frame private gnosis as argument, since it is unverifiable beyond honesty and reasoned commitment between the individual and the expanse of the Divine.

That said, records exist of individuals in antiquity who participated in multiple mystery schools. For this reason, I feel justified in pursuing the Divine wherever it may be encountered—not as a collector, but while granting each mystery school the profundity it commands.

Regarding the combinatorial character of late antiquity, I once found an exceptional study:
Kahlos, Maijastina. 2002. Vettius Agorius Praetextatus: A Senatorial Life in Between. Rome: Institutum Romanum Finlandiae.

For ancient ritual practice more broadly, Thesaurus Cultus et Rituum Antiquorum (ThesCRA) is indispensable, especially the material in Vol. II (“Consecration: Divination, prayer, veneration, hikesia, asylia, oath, malediction, profanation, and magical rituals”), Los Angeles: Getty Museum.

I am fortunate to have access to a copyright library (the National Library of Poland). I understand these sources can be difficult to obtain, so I would be glad to share my impressions or reports on the above works whenever requested.

Best wishes and kind regards,
Matt
The journey of the soul in the Mithraic ritual: hypothesis of resurrection or reincarnation according to the mithraeum of Braberini and Santa Maria Capua Vetere. The role of the solstices, gateways of entry and exit for souls: in summer, exit of pure souls and entry of impure souls sent back by the Moon; in winter: exit of wandering souls in preparation for their reincarnation and entry into the cycle after death.The journey of the soul in the Mithraic ritual: hypothesis of resurrection or reincarnation accordin…
The Two Gates: Thank you very much for sharing this Dominique. Traditionally, Selene was associated with the Isle of the Blessed. My personal belief is that the soul, or daimon/hegemon, may be interpreted as an intelligencer of the spheres of the Solar System—for example, Mercury, Venus, the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, or Saturn. It does not necessarily require a biological birth; “myriads of spirits in other worlds await,” including the stellar ones. My personal belief, or interpretation, is based on communication with spirits of these spheres, some of whom were once human beings. Sometimes the twin blade of death may refer to the death of the soul, or to metempsychosis and rebirth, or to embodiment in an animal or a human being.
Dear Amicus: as early as the 3rd century AD, Plotinus wrote that the soul was divided into a lower and a higher part:

"...there is the soul we call divine, by which we are ourselves, and the other soul, the one that comes from the universe (our world). We derive our character, our actions, and our passions [Ego] from the lower soul... but thanks to our higher soul [Spirit], we can master our lower part and free ourselves from the order imposed by the world soul [Management] on the rest of the universe."

One of Plotinus’s most justly famous concepts concerns his theory of the different levels of self-awareness. The duality of the soul was conceived by Plato around 350 BC (but already explored by Homer in the previous century). This is a defining characteristic of Western philosophy. Plotinus, by discovering that one of the parts had to be divine, made metempsychosis impossible
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Mar 2026
Monumentum

CIMRM 1017

A small limestone altar from Bandorf near Oberwinter dedicated to Deo Invicto Regi. Found in an isolated structure not resembling a mithraeum, its function remains uncertain.
Deo invicto regi; to God the invincible King. According to some relics, "lying down" means sea or river. Neptune or Oceanus. Both are archetypes of the Moon.
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Mar 2026
NewSocius

~ A modern syndexios ~

Mar 2026
Monumentum

CIMRM 1694

Sandstone base carved on two sides, with a head of Medusa framed by acanthus leaves and a reclining lion holding a head between its forelegs.
It’s like I’m being followed... but in a good way. ^__^
You’re doing a remarkable job (… and you’re the main reason I even venture onto fb 😉)
Honestly, thank you. Recognition helps.
❤️
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Mar 2026
Scriptum
🔥 UNDERGROUND RITUALS AND CANDLES – LIGHT IN THE DARKNESS 🕯️

Mithraea were not magnificent temples on hilltops. They were hidden underground — dark, elongated spaces with an altar at the end, symbolising the cave of the cosmos.

In such a place, light acquired a special meaning.

Worship took place by:

🕯️ the light of torches and oil lamps,
🍷 symbolic ritual meals,
🤝 oaths of loyalty among members of the brotherhood.

Mithraism was not a religion of the masses. It was a path of initiation, discipline, and quiet devotion.

For this reason it was especially popular among Roman soldiers — it taught brotherhood, trust, loyalty, and respect for order.

In the darkness of the mithraeum a light burned — not only a flame, but the idea that order overcomes chaos.

🏛️ In Poetovio too, a mithraeum once bore witness to these mysterious rites. In the very place where we walk today, torches once burned and oaths resounded.

👉 More about the project: [ref:69abf46f39a08]
🔥 UNDERGROUND RITUALS AND CANDLES – LIGHT IN THE DARKNESS 🕯️

Mithraea were not magnificent temples on hilltops. They were hidden underground — dark, elongated spaces with an altar at the end, symbolising the cave of the cosmos.

In such a place, light acquired a special meaning.

Worship took place by:

🕯️ the light of torches and oil lamps,
🍷 symbolic ritual meals,
🤝 oaths of loyalty among members of the brotherhood.

Mithraism was not a religion of the masses. It was a path of initiation, discipline, and quiet devotion.

For this reason it was especially popular among Roman soldiers — it taught brotherhood, trust, loyalty, and respect for order.

In the darkness of the mithraeum a light burned — not only a flame, but the idea that order overcomes chaos.

🏛️ In Poetovio too, a mithraeum once bore witness to these mysterious rites. In the very place where we walk today, torches once burned and oaths resounded.

👉 More about the project: Hiša doživetij Vicus Fortunae - Domov
Here, does the bas-relief come from Ptuj, or from Frankfurt-Heddernheim?
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Mar 2026
Scriptum
Credo deum Mithram conscientiam mundi et audaciam humanam significare. Quapropter Europaei eum superego appellant. Non iam in Mithram sed in superego credunt. Credo Platonis posteros insanire.
Ego credo Platonis posteros doctrinam eius ita detorsisse, ut, pro luce quaerenda ad e spelunca exeundum, in ipsa spelunca habitare statuerint.
Vae tibi, qui sapientiam Magistri ignoras! Vere, ingenium Platonis in transpositione Babyloniorum scientiae astrologicae in veritates spirituales consistit. Ita, in concipiendo animam duplicem sicut cosmum. Nostra infortunium est quod Occidens ad cogitationem Orientalem, quae in omnibus rebus extrema est, redire elegit. Cogitatio Graeca accurata et moderata est. Et nullus terror psychicus est similis Superego medicorum animae qui psychiatri appellantur! Ah, quam solem et lunam! desideramusVae tibi, qui sapientiam Magistri ignoras! Vere, ingenium Platonis in transpositione Babyloniorum sc…
Nonne speluncae instrumenta communicationis socialis et manipulatio populi, ars tantum inter tyrannos inventa, speluncae similis est? Clisthenes Atheniensis et Cypselus Corinthius duo exempla sunt eorum qui per eversionem potestatem arripuerunt, et hodie Praeses "Trump" illis similis est.
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Mar 2026
Monumentum

Mitreo di Santa Prisca

The Mithraeum of Santa Prisca houses remarkable frescoes showing the initiates in procession.
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At the Mithraeum of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, the image reveals Oceanus and Terra in opposition to the Moon and the Sun. These two gods can be considered archetypes: Oceanus = deep ocean = the profound unconscious, and Terra = conscious earthly reality. The Platonic Chiasma is demonstrated here with the opposition between Animus and Anima.
Oceanus appears several times in Mithraic iconography. In some cases, though it is unclear whether it is Oceanus or Saturn. A relation worth exploring!
We note the alignment: the dog, Mithras’ thigh, cape, raven and Sol; on the other side: bull, Mithras’ hand sacrificing the bull, Moon. In Santa Prisca, maybe Oceanus represents Spiritus Animus.
I’m trying to understand the few remaining vestiges of Mithras. Barberini’s fresco proves that the Platonic chiasm actually existed and was even depicted (Capricorn on the left). Furthermore, the solstices were linked to the descent or ascent of souls (metempsychosis). As for Oceanus, it’s very interesting because Freud describes "the oceanic character of the unconscious." Therefore, Oceanus is a profound and unfathomable archetype. Mithras, who represents Light, is victorious over Oceanus (the conscious dominates the unconscious). Thus, Oceanus is the archetype that feeds the opposite of the sun, namely the moon. The mysterious moon represents Spiritus Epithumia and is fueled by the deep unconscious Oceanus. Therefore, the moon also represents our unconscious psyche. In contrast, the goddess Terra has her feet on the ground (conscious). Therefore, she is the realistic, down-to-earth archetype that feeds the sun god. This is to say that the opposition between sun and moon, or Anima and Spiritus, was very psychological. In this way, Plato described human psychology.
It is ironic that the logo of "the new mithraeum" represents the Platonic cosmic chiasma
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Mar 2026
Monumentum

Oceanus-Saturn of Santa Prisca

The fragmented tauroctony of the Mitreo di Santa Prisca rests on the naked figure of a bearded man, probably Ocean or Saturn.
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Mar 2026
Monumentum

Intaglio with Mithras and Abraxas at the Walters Art Museum

This unusual piece depicts Mithras slaying the bull on one side and the Gnostic god Abraxas on the other.
It’s much bluer in person.It’s much bluer in person.
Presumably, this camay served as a buffer, so it was depicted upside down, with the moon on the left and the sun on the right.
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Mar 2026
Monumentum

CIMRM 1019

Fragment of an alabaster relief from Cologne with part of a tauroctony scene. Only the tip of Mithras’ Phrygian cap and small narrative details above are preserved.
Photo by the awesome Carole Raddato of Hollowing Hadrian.
Thank you! Carole is properly credited now.
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Mar 2026
Monumentum

CIMRM 1231

Small votive altar in white limestone from Aquae Mattiacae, dedicated to Deo Invicto by a miles pius. The top preserves the head of Cautes with his raised torch.
Just gorgeous.
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Mar 2026
NewMonumentum

CIMRM 1824

Marble statue from Intercisa representing a lion holding an indistinct animal beneath its forepaws. Found in a vineyard, the piece is now in the Hungarian National Museum.
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Mar 2026
Monumentum

CIMRM 1743

Small limestone altar from Aquincum, Budapest, dedicated to Petra Genetrix.
CIMRM 1743
You’re as dyslexic as me! 😉
(Gotta love that the inventory number is stamped right on the stomach.)CIMRM 1743
You’re as dyslexic as me! 😉
(Gotta love that the inventory number is stamped right…
And what about the lily-like flower? Is it just me, or does it look like a opium poppy?
I kinda see a pineapple...
I see pineapples everywhereI see pineapples everywhere
wHAT?WHat???wHAT?WHat???
Wouldn’t you be unveiling the secret doctrine?
lol my bad
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Feb 2026
NewMonumentum

CIMRM 1704

An oval carnelian gem from Carnuntum showing Mithras tauroktonos in a grotto. Sol and Luna appear above, with both torchbearers and a small altar before the bull.
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Feb 2026
Scriptum
Thinking of forming a weekly group for those in the Anglosphere(USA, Canada, UK, Australia and NZ) to have a webcam call, discuss all things related to Mithras and form friends sharing a niche interest🙂
Excellent idea, Matthew. Count on us!
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Feb 2026
New

~ Has joined nabarzes ~

Feb 2026
Feb 2026
Feb 2026
NewMonumentum

Bronze medallion from Gordian III with tauroctony

The bronze medallion, from Cilicia, shows Mithras Tauroctonus on the revers.
Is the Date on the side correct? I guess it’s not 32 cm but 3,6 cm. Or am I wrong?
Indeed Yannick. The right size is 3.6 cm diameter. Thank you.
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Feb 2026
NewMonumentum

Tauroctony from La Bâtie-Montsaléon

This damaged relief of Mithras killing the bull found in 1804 and formerly exposed at Gap, is now lost.
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