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Provincia

Mithras in Britannia inferior

Along the northern frontier of Roman Britain, Britannia inferior preserves important evidence linked to military and frontier communities.

Evidence from Britannia inferior illustrates the circulation of Mithraic cults through forts, legionary environments and frontier infrastructure associated with the northern limits of Roman power in Britain. The province formed part of the wider military world of the northwestern empire.

Mithraic monuments of Britannia inferior

 

Mithraeum of Inveresk

The Mithraeum of Inveresk, south of Musselburgh, East Lothian, is the first found in Scotland, and the earliest securely dated example from Britain.

 

Mithraeum of Carrawburgh

The temple of Mithras of Carrawburgh, Brocolita, disclosed three main stages of development, the second exhibiting two reconstructions.

CIMRM 844

 

Arimanius from York

The statue of Arimanius/Ahriman was found in 1874 under the city wall of York during the construction of the railway station.

CIMRM 833

 

Altar of Carrawburgh by Antonius Proculus

One of the three altars to Mithras found at the Mithraeum of Carrawburgh fort.

CIMRM 845

 

Mithraeum of Rudchester

The Mithraeum of Rudchester was discovered in 1844 on the brow of the hill outside the roman station.

CIMRM 838

 

Tauroctony from York

This stone in basso relief of Mithras killing the bull was found 10 foot underground in Micklegate York in 1747.

CIMRM 835

 

Mithras-Sol Altar from the Carrawburgh

One of the altars from the Carrawburgh Mithraeum depicts the bust of Mithras or Sol.

CIMRM 847

 

Altar with openwork of Inveresk

The altar of Sol from Inveresk, Scotland, was pierced, probably to illuminate part of the temple with a particular effect.

 

Altar of Inveresk with a griffin

This second altar discovered to date near Inveresk includes several elements unusual in Mithraic worship.

 

Altar of Carrawburgh by Aulus Cluentius

One of the three altars to Mithras found at the Mithraeum of Carrawburgh fort.

CIMRM 846

 

Cautes from Newcastle

This limestone statue of Cautes is now exposed at Great North Museum of Newcastle.

CIMRM 849

 

Inscription to Sol Apollo Anicetus from Rudchester

Fragmentary inscription from Vindobala preserving a rare dedication to “Sol Apollo Anicetus” within a Mithraic context on Hadrian’s Wall.

CIMRM 843

See all Mithraic monuments in Britannia inferior

Places in Britannia inferior

 

Brocolita

Brocolitia, also called Procolita or Brocolita, was an auxiliary settlement on Hadrian's Wall. This site is now known as Carrawburgh.

 

Eboracum

Eboracum was a fort and later a city in the Roman province of Britannia. Two Roman emperors died in Eboracum: Septimius Severus in 211 AD, and Constantius Chlorus in 306 AD.

 

Pons Aelius

Pons Aelius, or Newcastle Roman Fort, was an auxiliary castra and small Roman settlement on Hadrian's Wall in the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, situated on the north bank of the River Tyne close to the centre of present-day Newcastle upon Tyn

 

Vindobala

Vindobala, now a hamlet of Rudchester, was the fourth Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall.

Inscriptions from Britannia inferior

Arimanius from York

Vol[usius] Iren[aeus] / Arimani v[otum] [s[olvens] l[ibens] / m[erito]] / d[ono] [ d[edit]].
Volusius Irenaeus, willingly and deservedly fulfilling his vow, gave this as a gift to Arimanes.

Altar of Carrawburgh by Antonius Proculus

Deo Inv[icto] M[ithrae] / L[ucius] Antonius / Proculus / praef[ectus] coh[ortis] I Bat[avorum] Antoninianae / v[otum] s[olvit] l[ibens] m[erito].
To the Invincible god Mithras Lucius Antonius Proculus, prefect of the First Cohort of Batavians Antoniniana, willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow.

Mithras-Sol Altar from the Carrawburgh

Deo ♣ invicto ♠ / Mithrae M[arcus] Sim/plicius Simplex pr[a]ef[ectus] v[otum] s[olvit] l[ibens] m[erito].
To the Invincible god Mithras Marcus Simplicius Simplex, prefect, willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow.

Altar with openwork of Inveresk

Soli C[aius] Cas[sius ?] Fla[vianus ?] >.
À Sol, Caius Cas[sius ?] Fla[vianus ?], centurion.

Altar of Inveresk with a griffin

Daeo [sic] / invic[to] My[thrae] / C. Cas[sius ?] / Fla[vianus ?].
To the god Mithras the Unconquered, Gaius Cassius Flavianus [set this up].

Altar of Carrawburgh by Aulus Cluentius

D[eo] in[victo] M[ithrae] s[acrum] / Aul[us] Cluentius / Habitus pra[e]f[ectus] / coh[ortis] I / Batavorum / domu Ulti/n[i]a Colon[ia] / Sept[imia] Aur[elia] L[arino] / v[otum] s[olvit] l[ibens] m[erito].
Sacred to the Invincible god Mithras: Aulus Cluentius Habitus, prefect of the First Cohort of Batavians, of the Ultinian voting-tribe, from Colonia Septimia Aurelia Larinum, willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow.

Inscription to Sol Apollo Anicetus from Rudchester

Soli / Apollini / Aniceto / [Miithrae] / Apon[i]us / Rogatianus / [.
To Sol Apollo Anicetus Mithras, Aponius Rogatianus ….

Altar of Aponius Rogatianus from Rudchester

Soli / Apollini / aniceto / [Mithrae] Apon[i]us Rogat[i]anus [praef(ectus) v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)].
To Sol Apollo, the unconquered Mithras, Aponius Rogatianus, prefect, fulfilled his vow willingly and deservedly.

Altar of Titullus from Rudchester

Deo invicto / Mytrae P. Ael(ius) Ti[t]ullus prae(fectus) / v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) l(aetus) m(erito).
To the invincible god Mithras, Publius Aelius Titullus, prefect, fulfilled his vow willingly, gladly, and deservedly.

Inscription of Tib. Claudius Decimus Cornelius Antonius from Rudchester

Deo Soli invic(to) / Tib. Cl(audius) Decimus / Cornel(ia) Anto/nius praef(ectus) / templ(um) restit(uit).
To the god Sol Invictus, Tiberius Claudius Decimus Cornelius Antonius, prefect, restored the temple.
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