Evidence from Britannia inferior illustrates the circulation of Mithraic cults through forts, legionary environments and frontier infrastructure associated with the northern limits of Roman power in Britain. The province formed part of the wider military world of the northwestern empire.
Mithraic monuments of Britannia inferior
Mithraeum of Inveresk
The Mithraeum of Inveresk, south of Musselburgh, East Lothian, is the first found in Scotland, and the earliest securely dated example from Britain.
Mithraeum of Carrawburgh
The temple of Mithras of Carrawburgh, Brocolita, disclosed three main stages of development, the second exhibiting two reconstructions.
CIMRM 844
Arimanius from York
The statue of Arimanius/Ahriman was found in 1874 under the city wall of York during the construction of the railway station.
CIMRM 833
Altar of Carrawburgh by Antonius Proculus
One of the three altars to Mithras found at the Mithraeum of Carrawburgh fort.
CIMRM 845
Mithraeum of Rudchester
The Mithraeum of Rudchester was discovered in 1844 on the brow of the hill outside the roman station.
CIMRM 838
Tauroctony from York
This stone in basso relief of Mithras killing the bull was found 10 foot underground in Micklegate York in 1747.
CIMRM 835
Mithras-Sol Altar from the Carrawburgh
One of the altars from the Carrawburgh Mithraeum depicts the bust of Mithras or Sol.
CIMRM 847
Altar with openwork of Inveresk
The altar of Sol from Inveresk, Scotland, was pierced, probably to illuminate part of the temple with a particular effect.
Altar of Inveresk with a griffin
This second altar discovered to date near Inveresk includes several elements unusual in Mithraic worship.
Altar of Carrawburgh by Aulus Cluentius
One of the three altars to Mithras found at the Mithraeum of Carrawburgh fort.
CIMRM 846
Cautes from Newcastle
This limestone statue of Cautes is now exposed at Great North Museum of Newcastle.
CIMRM 849
Inscription to Sol Apollo Anicetus from Rudchester
Fragmentary inscription from Vindobala preserving a rare dedication to “Sol Apollo Anicetus” within a Mithraic context on Hadrian’s Wall.
CIMRM 843
Brothers attested in Britannia inferior
Places in Britannia inferior
Brocolita
Brocolitia, also called Procolita or Brocolita, was an auxiliary settlement on Hadrian's Wall. This site is now known as Carrawburgh.
Eboracum
Eboracum was a fort and later a city in the Roman province of Britannia. Two Roman emperors died in Eboracum: Septimius Severus in 211 AD, and Constantius Chlorus in 306 AD.
Pons Aelius
Pons Aelius, or Newcastle Roman Fort, was an auxiliary castra and small Roman settlement on Hadrian's Wall in the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, situated on the north bank of the River Tyne close to the centre of present-day Newcastle upon Tyn
Inscriptions from Britannia inferior
Arimanius from York
Altar of Carrawburgh by Antonius Proculus
Mithras-Sol Altar from the Carrawburgh
Altar with openwork of Inveresk
Altar of Inveresk with a griffin
Altar of Carrawburgh by Aulus Cluentius
Inscription to Sol Apollo Anicetus from Rudchester
Altar of Aponius Rogatianus from Rudchester
Altar of Titullus from Rudchester
Inscription of Tib. Claudius Decimus Cornelius Antonius from Rudchester
References
- Attilio Mastrocinque (2017) The Mysteries of Mithras. A different account
- Bricault; Roy (2021) Les cultes de Mithra dans l'Empire Romain
- British Librery (2021) Mithras sacrificing at the vernal equinox
- Current Archaeology (2014) Bodyguards, corpses, and cults
- Hunter, F, Henig, M & Sauer, E (2016) Mithras in Scotland: A Mithraeum at Inveresk (East Lothian), Britannia, vol. 46, pp. 1-50
- Jessica Bowen (2026) Ancient Roman altars found in Scotland to go on display
- Rudchester.org (2024) Rudchester Mithraeum
- Statue of Arimanes





