The Mithraic material documented in Mesopotamia reflects the movement of religious practices through military campaigns, frontier settlements and communication routes extending beyond the Euphrates. The evidence contributes to understanding the eastern horizons of Roman Mithraic circulation.
Mithraic monuments of Mesopotamia
Hatra Temple
The city of Hatra was famed for its fusion of several civilization cults, which several temples devoted to gods from all Indo-European world.
Fragments of a column base from Hamadan
The base of the column bears an inscription that records the rebuilding of a palace at Ectabana ’by the favour of Ahuramaza, Anahita and Mithra’.
CIMRM 7
Seal of King Šauštatar of Mitanni
Royal Mitannian seal featuring a winged solar emblem and heroic combat scenes from the cultural milieu in which the earliest attestation of Mitra is found.
Frescoes from Susa
Sassanian-period frescoes discovered at Susa whose possible Mithraic interpretation remains uncertain.
CIMRM 7b
Possible Mithraeum from Uruk
Large apsidal hall with podium discovered at Uruk-Warka, once interpreted as a possible Mithraic sanctuary.
CIMRM 7c
Brothers attested in Mesopotamia
Places in Mesopotamia
Nuzi
Nuzi at modern Yorghan Tepe, Iraq was an ancient Mesopotamian city 12 kilometers southwest of the city of Arrapha and 70 kilometers southwest of Sātu Qala, located near the Tigris river.
Sumere
Founded on the east bank of the Tigris, Sumere is mentioned in Roman sources as a fortified settlement during the Persian campaign of Julian in 363 CE, notably by Ammianus Marcellinus.
Susa
Susa was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran.
Uruk
Uruk, the archeological site known today as Warka, was an ancient city in the Near-East or West-Asia, located east of the current bed of the Euphrates River, on an ancient, now-dried channel of the river in Muthanna Governorate, Iraq.
Inscriptions from Mesopotamia
Fragments of a column base from Hamadan
References
- Peter Mark Adams (2025) Ritual & Epiphany in the Mysteries of Mithras
