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Provincia

Mithras in Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia formed part of the eastern frontier zone where Roman military expansion encountered long-established Mesopotamian traditions.

The Mithraic material documented in Mesopotamia reflects the movement of religious practices through military campaigns, frontier settlements and communication routes extending beyond the Euphrates. The evidence contributes to understanding the eastern horizons of Roman Mithraic circulation.

Mithraic monuments of Mesopotamia

 

Hatra Temple

The city of Hatra was famed for its fusion of several civilization cults, which several temples devoted to gods from all Indo-European world.

 

Fragments of a column base from Hamadan

The base of the column bears an inscription that records the rebuilding of a palace at Ectabana ’by the favour of Ahuramaza, Anahita and Mithra’.

CIMRM 7

 

Seal of King Šauštatar of Mitanni

Royal Mitannian seal featuring a winged solar emblem and heroic combat scenes from the cultural milieu in which the earliest attestation of Mitra is found.

 

Frescoes from Susa

Sassanian-period frescoes discovered at Susa whose possible Mithraic interpretation remains uncertain.

CIMRM 7b

 

Possible Mithraeum from Uruk

Large apsidal hall with podium discovered at Uruk-Warka, once interpreted as a possible Mithraic sanctuary.

CIMRM 7c

Brothers attested in Mesopotamia

Places in Mesopotamia

 

Nuzi

Nuzi at modern Yorghan Tepe, Iraq was an ancient Mesopotamian city 12 kilometers southwest of the city of Arrapha and 70 kilometers southwest of Sātu Qala, located near the Tigris river.

 

Sumere

Founded on the east bank of the Tigris, Sumere is mentioned in Roman sources as a fortified settlement during the Persian campaign of Julian in 363 CE, notably by Ammianus Marcellinus.

 

Susa

Susa was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran.

 

Uruk

Uruk, the archeological site known today as Warka, was an ancient city in the Near-East or West-Asia, located east of the current bed of the Euphrates River, on an ancient, now-dried channel of the river in Muthanna Governorate, Iraq.

Inscriptions from Mesopotamia

Fragments of a column base from Hamadan

Saith Artaxerxes the Great King, King of Kings, King of Countries, King in this earth, son of Darius the King, of Darius [who was] son of Artaxerxes the king, of Artaxerxes [who was] son of Xerxes the King, of Xerxes who was son of Darius the King, of Darius who was son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian. By the favour of Ahuramazda, Anahita and Mithra, this palace [apadana] I built. May Ahuramazda, Anahita and Mithra protect me from all evil, and that which I have built may they not shatter or harm.

References

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