People attested in Dura Europos
Inscriptions from Dura Europos
First Tauroctony relief of Dura Europos
Ἔθφανει ἰστρατηγα.
Ethphani, strategist.
In good memory. Made by Ethpeni the strategist, son of Zabdē’ā, commander of the archers who are in Dura. In the month of Adar in the year 480.
In good memory. Made by Ethpeni the strategist, son of Zabdē’ā, commander of the archers who are in Dura. In the month of Adar in the year 480.
Main Tauroctony relief from Dura Europos
Θεοῦ [sic] Μίθραν ἐπόησεν Ζηνόβιος ὁ καὶ Εἰαειβᾶς Ἰαριβωλέους / στρατεγὸς τοξοτῶν ἔτους δευτέρου πυ̕.
He made [this image] of the god Mithra, Zenobios, who is also Iahiba, son of Iarhiboles, commander [strategos] of the archers, two years after the year 480.
Fresco with tauroctony and seven cypresses
Νάμα Μαρέῳ ζωγράφῳ.
For the salvation of Mareos, the painter.
Inscription on the restoration of the Mithraeum of Dura Europos
Pro sal[ute] et incol[umitate] d[ominorum] / n[ostrorum] imp[eratorum] L. Sep[timi] Severi pii / Pert[inacis] et M. Aurel[i] Aritonini [ [ et L. Sept[imi] Geta[e] ] ] / Aug[ustorum] tem/plum dei Solis invicti Mithrae sub Minic[io] Martiali procuratore] / Aug[usti] / rest[itutum] ab Ant[onio] Valentino [centurione] princ[ipe] / pr[aeposito] ve[x[illationum] leg[ionum] III]I Scyt[hicae] / et XVI F[laviae] F[irmae] p[iae] f[idelis].
For the salvation and preservation of our lords the emperors Lucius Septimus Severus Pious Pertinax and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus [[and Lucius Septimus Geta]] Agustes, the temple of the invincible god Sol Mithras, while Minucius Martialis was imperial procurator, has been restored by Antonius Valentinus, princeps centurion commander [praepositus] of the vexillations of the legions IV Scythica and XVI Flavia Firma Pia Fidelis
Graffiti to Kamerios from Dura Europos Mithraeum
Νάμα Καμ/ερίω στρα/τιώτη / άκερίω.
Hommage a Kamerios, miles immaculé.
Column with inscription from Dura Europos
Ὓπὲρ Νίκης του Κυρί/ου ἡμων Αὐτοκράτορος / Νάμα θεῷ Μίθρᾳ / νάμα πάτρασι Λιβει/ανῷ καὶ Θεωδώρῳ / νάμα καὶ Μαρείνῳ πε/τίτορι νάμα πᾶσι τοῖς / συνδεξίοις παρὰ τῳ θε[ῷ].
For the victory of our lord the emperor. Homage to the god Mithras. Homage to the fathers Libeianos and Theodoros. Homage also to Mareinos the petitor. Homage to all syndexioi, before the god.
Dipinto in red letters from Dura Europos
[Νά]μα λέουσιν / [ἁβρ ?]οῖς χαὶ Περσέσ/[ιν. .] ἐλεμνοις.
Tribute to the Lions [?] and to the Persians [---].
Scratched words of Kamerios
Patri / vita / Ka/merio.
Long live Pater Kamerio.
Inscription to Tourmasgade from Dura Europos
Διὶ Ἡλίῳ / Μίθρᾳ άγί/ῳ ὑψίστῳ / ἐπηκόῳ / Τουρμασγά/δη [---] Ἰου/[λιαν-]ὸς στρα[τιώτης] / [λε]γ[εῶνος] ις´ Φ[λαουίας] Φ[ίρμης] / [Ἀν]τωνινια/νῆς.
To Zeus Helios Mithras, the most high saint who hears the prayers, Tourmasgade, Ioulianos, a soldier of the legion XVI Flavia Firma Antoniana.
Engraved column by Maximus of Dura Europos
Nam[a] / Maximus / scen[i]co / leg[ionis] IIII Sc[ythicae].
Nama Maximus, actor of the Fourth Scythian Legion.
Graffito naming Maximus magus at Dura-Europos
[N]ama / Maximus / magus.
Hail, Maximus the Magus.
List of Mithraic grades from Dura-Europos
κόραξ · στρατιώτης · ἄβρος λεων · μελλολέων · Πέρσης · πατήρ · ἀντίπατηρ · νύμφῳ [or] ἀγαθῷ νύμφῳ · στερεώτης · σοφιστής · συνδέξιος.
a) Νάμα Γεμεινιανῷ ἀγαθῷ συνδεξίῳ.
b) Νάμα Μονίμῳ συνδεξ[ίῳ] ἀγαθῷ.
a) Νάμα Γεμεινιανῷ ἀγαθῷ συνδεξίῳ.
b) Νάμα Μονίμῳ συνδεξ[ίῳ] ἀγαθῷ.
Raven · Soldier · Delicate Lion · Lion-to-be · Persian · Father · Deputy Father · Nymphus [or] Good Nymphus · Firm One · Wise Man · Syndexios.
a) Hail to Geminianus, the good Syndexios.
b) Hail to Monimos, the good Syndexios.
a) Hail to Geminianus, the good Syndexios.
b) Hail to Monimos, the good Syndexios.
References
- Alfred Shenington Geden. Engraved column by Maximus of Dura Europos in EDCS
- Edgar Wind (229) Historia Romana
- Elizabeth Peters (2001) El culto de Mitra en la época de Caracalla
- Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (2024) Engraved column by Maximus of Dura Europos in EDH
- Eugene David Francis (1975) Mithraic graffiti from Dura-Europos.
- Frank Edward Brown, Michael Ivanovich Rostovtzeff & Charles Bradford Welles (eds.) (1939) The Excavations at Dura-Europos. Preliminary Report of the Seventh and Eighth Seasons of Work, 1933–1934 and 1934–1935
- Franz Cumont & Eric David Francis. The Dura Mithraeum
- J. R. Hinnells (ed.) (1975) Mithraic Studies. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Mithraic Studies
- Laurent Bricault & Philippe Roy (2021) Les cultes de Mithra dans l’Empire romain
- Lisa R. Brody & Gail L. Horffman (eds.) (2001) Dura Europos. Crossroads to Antiquity
- Lucinda Dirven (2025) Dura-Europos: Past, Present, Future
- Maarten Vermaseren (1960) Mithra, ce dieu mystérieux
- Michael J. Fuller (2015) Graffiti from Mithraeum at Dura Europos
- Michael J. Fuller (2015) The Shrine of the Holy God Mithras at Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria.
- René Dussaud (1949) Anciens bronzes du Louristan et cultes iraniens
- Richard Lindsay Gordon (2001) Trajets de Mithra en Syrie romaine
- Shrine to the God Mithras (Mithraeum)
