The Mithraic material documented in Moesia is closely associated with frontier garrisons, military communities and the strategic infrastructure of the middle and lower Danube. The province preserves important evidence for understanding the diffusion of Mithraism within the defensive and administrative systems of the Roman frontier.
Mithraic monuments of Moesia
Coin of Septimius Severus and god on horseback
Coin of Istrus, Moesia Inferior, showing Caracalla on one side and a god on horseback (Mithras ?) on the other.
Tauroctony from Târgușor
This limestone relief of Mithras killing the bull bears an inscription by a certain Flavius Horimos, consecrated in a ’secret forest’ in Moesia.
CIMRM 2306
Tauroctony stele from Nicopolis ad Istrum
The Tauroctony of Nicopolis ad Istrum is unique as it is the only Mithraic stele befitting a Greek donor.
CIMRM 2264
Altar of Klechovtse
The limestone altar at Klechovtse in North Macedonia bears an inscription to the invincible Mithras.
CIMRM 2209
Inscription with Cautes and Cautopates of Steklen
An unusual feature of this very ancient relief is that Cautopates carries a cockerel upside down, while Cautes carries it right-side up.
CIMRM 2268
Tauroctony from Kreta
Sandstone tauroctony relief from the Mithraeum at Kreta (Крета), depicting Mithras within a vaulted grotto accompanied by the torchbearers, Sol and Luna.
CIMRM 2257
Inscription of Ision from Guberevac
In this monument, the imperial slave Ision claims the completion of a new temple to Mithras in Moesia.
CIMRM 2235
Altar of Tettius Plotus from Oescus
In the altar that Titus Tettius Plotus dedicated to the invincible God, he called himself pater sacrorum.
CIMRM 2252
Autel of Straton from Kreta
Straton, son of Straton, consecrated an altar to Helios Mithras in Kreta, Moesia inferior.
CIMRM 2260
Altar bearing a relief of Cautopates from Silistra
Votive altar depicting Cautopates from the Roman city of Durostorum, modern-day Silistra in Bulgaria.
CIMRM 2274
Circular tauroctony from Kadine-Most
Small circular marble tauroctony relief from Kadine-Most in the Küstendil district, Moesia Superior, divided into two parts by a horizontal rim, with the bull-slaying in the upper and a figure or inscription in the lower.
CIMRM 2246
Circular tauroctony from Soukhin-Dol
Small marble tauroctony relief from the Roman castellum near Soukhin-Dol, Moesia Inferior, in an arched circular composition depicting the standard bull-slaying scene.
CIMRM 2266
Brothers attested in Moesia
Provinces of Moesia
Moesia inferior
Moesia inferior occupied a major position along the lower Danube where Mithraic cults circulated through military and port environments.
Moesia superior
Moesia superior preserves frontier evidence shaped by the military infrastructure and circulation networks of the middle Danube.
Places in Moesia
Acbunar
The locality of Acbunar is associated with archaeological remains from the lower Danubian frontier zone.
Biljanovac
Ancient site in Moesia Superior, north-east of Kumanovo, where the remains of a Mithraic sanctuary were discovered together with several marble reliefs, altars and cult objects.
Callatis
Callatis developed as an important Black Sea port on the western coast of the Pontus Euxinus.
Civitas Montanensium
Civitas Montanensium developed around the important Roman settlement at modern Montana in Bulgaria.
Dražinovići
The locality of Dražinovići is associated with archaeological remains from the central Balkan region.
Inscriptions from Moesia
Tauroctony from Târgușor
Φλ[άουιος] Ὣριμος Φλ[αουίου] Μακέδονος οἰκονόμος κατ᾽ ἐπιταγήν / θεῷ ἀνεικήτῳ Μίτρᾳ ἀνέθηκεν εἰς ἄλσος ἀπόκρυφον. / Ε᾽θφράτῃ εὔχεσθαι ἁγνῶς. Φοῖβος Νικομηδεὺς ἐποίει.
Flavius Horimos, steward of Flavius Macedo, by order, to the invincible god Mithras, consecrated, in a secret forest. Adore the Euphrates with piety. Phoibos of Nicomedia made [this monument].
Horimos, the ‘Father’, dedicated this.
Flavius Horimos, the supervisor of the estate of Flavius Makedon, dedicated this to the invincible god Mithras, upon [divine] command, for a secret grove. May you pray to Euphrates in a pure manner. Phoibos of Nikomedeia made this.
Tauroctony stele from Nicopolis ad Istrum
Altar of Klechovtse
Inscription with Cautes and Cautopates of Steklen
Inscription of Ision from Guberevac
Altar of Tettius Plotus from Oescus
Autel of Straton from Kreta
Altar of Marcus Sikis Dossis from Kreta
Altar with uncertain dedication from Kreta
References
- Philippe Roy (2021) Les cultes de Mithra dans l’Empire romain







