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Mithras in Moesia

Moesia preserves a strongly militarised body of Mithraic evidence along the Danubian frontier of the empire.

The Mithraic material documented in Moesia is closely associated with frontier garrisons, military communities and the strategic infrastructure of the middle and lower Danube. The province preserves important evidence for understanding the diffusion of Mithraism within the defensive and administrative systems of the Roman frontier.

Mithraic monuments of Moesia

 

Tauroctony from Târgușor

This limestone relief of Mithras killing the bull bears an inscription by a certain Flavius Horimos, consecrated in a ’secret forest’ in Moesia.

CIMRM 2306

 

Coin of Septimius Severus and god on horseback

Coin of Istrus, Moesia Inferior, showing Caracalla on one side and a god on horseback (Mithras ?) on the other.

 

Tauroctony from Kreta

Sandstone tauroctony relief from the Mithraeum at Kreta (Крета), depicting Mithras within a vaulted grotto accompanied by the torchbearers, Sol and Luna.

CIMRM 2257

 

Tauroctony from Nicopolis ad Istrum

The Tauroctony of Nicopolis ad Istrum is a rare Mithraic stele bearing two Greek dedications from different phases of its use.

CIMRM 2264

 

Inscription with Cautes and Cautopates of Steklen

An unusual feature of this very ancient relief is that Cautopates carries a cockerel upside down, while Cautes carries it right-side up.

CIMRM 2268

 

Altar of Klechovtse

The limestone altar at Klechovtse in North Macedonia bears an inscription to the invincible Mithras.

CIMRM 2209

 

Tauroctony relief from Oescus

Tuff tauroctony relief in two fragments from Ghighen, ancient Oescus in Moesia Inferior, depicting the standard bull-slaying scene with the full iconographic programme.

CIMRM 2247

 

Inscription of Ision from Guberevac

In this monument, the imperial slave Ision claims the completion of a new temple to Mithras in Moesia.

CIMRM 2235

 

Tauroctony relief from Biljanovac

White marble tauroctony relief in several fragments from the Mithraeum at Biljanovac, Moesia Superior, depicting the standard bull-slaying with the full iconographic programme.

CIMRM 2202

 

Sacred repast scene from Ratiaria

Marble relief fragment from Artschar, ancient Ratiaria in Moesia Superior, preserving a scene of Mithras in Phrygian cap and Sol reclining behind a tripod — part of the sacred banquet.

CIMRM 2228

 

Fragmentary tauroctony from Kostolac

This weathered marble fragment from Viminacium preserves part of a tauroctony with Luna, Cautopates, the serpent, and the dog.

 

Two-register tauroctony from Ratiaria

Fragmentary Mithraic relief from Ratiaria depicting the tauroctony above a series of narrative scenes from the myth of Mithras and Sol.

CIMRM 2225

See all Mithraicmonuments in Moesia

Provinces of Moesia

 

Moesia inferior

Moesia inferior occupied a major position along the lower Danube where Mithraic cults circulated through military and port environments.

 

Moesia superior

Moesia superior preserves frontier evidence shaped by the military infrastructure and circulation networks of the middle Danube.

Places in Moesia

 

Acbunar

The locality of Acbunar is associated with archaeological remains from the lower Danubian frontier zone.

 

Almus

Almus occupied a strategic position on the southern bank of the Danube in western Moesia.

 

Axiopolis

Axiopolis occupied a strategic position near the Danube crossings of Moesia Inferior.

 

Biljanovac

Ancient site in Moesia Superior, north-east of Kumanovo, where the remains of a Mithraic sanctuary were discovered together with several marble reliefs, altars and cult objects.

 

Callatis

Callatis developed as an important Black Sea port on the western coast of the Pontus Euxinus.

 

Civitas Montanensium

Civitas Montanensium developed around the important Roman settlement at modern Montana in Bulgaria.

 

Cladova

Kladovo lies near the Iron Gates region and formed part of the Danubian frontier landscape.

 

Dionysopolis

Dionysopolis occupied a prominent position on the western coast of the Black Sea.

 

Dražinovići

The locality of Dražinovići is associated with archaeological remains from the central Balkan region.

 

Drmno

Drmno lies near the important Roman site of Viminacium on the Danube frontier.

 

Durostorum

Durostorum became a major military centre of the lower Danube frontier.

 

Guberevac

Guberevac is a village in the municipality of Sopot, Serbia.

See all Mithraic sites in Moesia

Inscriptions from Moesia

Tauroctony from Târgușor

Ὣριμος / πατὴ/ρ ἀνέ/θηκε/ν.
Φλ[άουιος] Ὣριμος Φλ[αουίου] Μακέδονος οἰκονόμος κατ᾽ ἐπιταγήν / θεῷ ἀνεικήτῳ Μίτρᾳ ἀνέθηκεν εἰς ἄλσος ἀπόκρυφον. / Ε᾽θφράτῃ εὔχεσθαι ἁγνῶς. Φοῖβος Νικομηδεὺς ἐποίει.
Horimos, Father, consecrated.
Flavius Horimos, steward of Flavius Macedo, by order, to the invincible god Mithras, consecrated, in a secret forest. Adore the Euphrates with piety. Phoibos of Nicomedia made [this monument].

Horimos, the ‘Father’, dedicated this.
Flavius Horimos, the supervisor of the estate of Flavius Makedon, dedicated this to the invincible god Mithras, upon [divine] command, for a secret grove. May you pray to Euphrates in a pure manner. Phoibos of Nikomedeia made this.

Tauroctony from Nicopolis ad Istrum

Κυρίō (!) Μίθρᾳ εὐχ[ὴ]ν̣ / Γαλέριος Προτέως (!) ἐπιγναφ{α}εύς.

Ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ Ἡλίῳ / Μίθρᾳ / θεῷ / ἐπηκόῳ / Αὐρ(ήλιος) Μάρκος / γναφεὺς / τὸ στήλιον / σὺν τῇ ζωγραφίᾳ / κατεσκεύ/ασεν / ἐκ τῶν / ἰδίων / εὐχαρισ/τήριον.
To the Lord Mithras, Galerios, son of Proteos, assistant-fuller, [dedicated] this votive offering.

To Good Fortune. To Helios Mithras, the god who hears prayers, Aurelius Marcus, fuller, had the stele made together with the painting, at his own expense, as a thank-offering.

Inscription with Cautes and Cautopates of Steklen

Deo / Melichrisus / P. Caragoni / Philopalaestri
Melichrisus [slave of] P. Caragonius Philopalaestrus [in charge of the customs office of the sout shore of Danube] [dedicated] to the god [...].

Altar of Klechovtse

[D[eo] i[nvicto]] M[ithrae] / fano mag[no] / pro sal[ute] Aug[g[ustorum]] n[ostrorum] / Apollonides / eorund[em] vect[igalis] Il/lyr[ici] ser[vus] [contra]sc[riptor] st[ationis] / Lamud[---] quam vove/rat [contra]sc[riptor] sta[tionis] Vizi[ani] // A[pollo]n[ides]s Viz[iani] // Gentia/no et / Basso [co[n]s[ulibus]].
To the invincible god Mithras, a great temple, for the safety of our Agustus Apollonides, the servant of Illyricum, the contrascriptor of the garrison of those tributaries, Lamud--- which he had vowed, the contrary of the station of Viziani.

Inscription of Ision from Guberevac

Invicto deo / Ision Caes[aris] n[ostri] ser[vus] / vil[icus] vectigal[is] Il/lyr[ici] templ[um] omn[i] / re instruct[um] a / solo p[ecunia] s[ua] f[aciendum] c[uravit].
To the invincible god, Ision, a slave of our emperor and steward of the taxes of Illyricum, saw to it that the temple, complete with all its furnishings, was built from the ground up at his own expense.

Altar of Tettius Plotus from Oescus

T[itus] Tettiu[s] / Plotu{u}[s] / vet[eranus] leg[ionis] II[II] / F[laviae] F[elix] p[ater] s[acrorum] d[ei] / Invicti [s[olvit]] / l[ibens] m[erito].
Titus Tettius Plotus, veteran of Legion IV Flavia Felix, father of the rites [pater sacrorum] of the invincible God, willingly and justly fulfilled his vow.

Autel of Straton from Kreta

Στράτω/ν Στράρω/νος άνέθη[κεν] / τὸ[ν] βωμὸν / Ἡλίῳ Μίθρᾳ.
Straton, son of Straton, consecrated the altar to Helios Mithras.

Altar of Marcus Sikis Dossis from Kreta

[M]άρκος Σίκις Δόσσις ἔθηκε βωμὸν Ἡλίῳ Μίθρᾳ.
Marcus Sikis Dossis erected an altar to Helios Mithras.

Altar with uncertain dedication from Kreta

[τύ]χη M[(θρα)]? . . . . . last line [εὐχαρισ]τήρι(ο)ν.
To Fortune and Mithras(?) … as a thank-offering.
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