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Provincia

Mithras in Moesia inferior

Moesia inferior occupied a major position along the lower Danube where Mithraic cults circulated through military and port environments.

The Mithraic evidence documented in Moesia inferior reflects the province’s strategic role within the frontier system of the lower Danube and the western Black Sea. Military mobility, urban settlements and riverine communication networks contributed to the diffusion of the cult throughout the region.

Mithraic monuments of Moesia inferior

 

Coin of Septimius Severus and god on horseback

Coin of Istrus, Moesia Inferior, showing Caracalla on one side and a god on horseback (Mithras ?) on the other.

 

Tauroctony from Târgușor

This limestone relief of Mithras killing the bull bears an inscription by a certain Flavius Horimos, consecrated in a ’secret forest’ in Moesia.

CIMRM 2306

 

Tauroctony stele from Nicopolis ad Istrum

The Tauroctony of Nicopolis ad Istrum is unique as it is the only Mithraic stele befitting a Greek donor.

CIMRM 2264

 

Inscription with Cautes and Cautopates of Steklen

An unusual feature of this very ancient relief is that Cautopates carries a cockerel upside down, while Cautes carries it right-side up.

CIMRM 2268

 

Tauroctony from Kreta

Sandstone tauroctony relief from the Mithraeum at Kreta (Крета), depicting Mithras within a vaulted grotto accompanied by the torchbearers, Sol and Luna.

CIMRM 2257

 

Altar of Tettius Plotus from Oescus

In the altar that Titus Tettius Plotus dedicated to the invincible God, he called himself pater sacrorum.

CIMRM 2252

 

Autel of Straton from Kreta

Straton, son of Straton, consecrated an altar to Helios Mithras in Kreta, Moesia inferior.

CIMRM 2260

 

Altar bearing a relief of Cautopates from Silistra

Votive altar depicting Cautopates from the Roman city of Durostorum, modern-day Silistra in Bulgaria.

CIMRM 2274

 

Circular tauroctony from Soukhin-Dol

Small marble tauroctony relief from the Roman castellum near Soukhin-Dol, Moesia Inferior, in an arched circular composition depicting the standard bull-slaying scene.

CIMRM 2266

 

Serpent fragment from Kirk-Bunar

Marble tauroctony relief fragment from Kirk-Bunar near the monastery of St. Petka, Moesia Inferior, preserving part of the creeping serpent as proof of a bull-slaying composition.

CIMRM 2295

 

Tauroctony fragment from Axiopolis

Marble tauroctony fragment from Axiopolis, Moesia Inferior, preserving only a small part of Mithras's knee, the hind part of the bull, and the scorpion.

CIMRM 2279

 

Tauroctony fragment from Novae

Marble tauroctony relief fragment from Steklen near Svichtov, ancient Novae in Moesia Inferior, preserving the right part of a bull-slaying scene with a serpent and the grotto border.

CIMRM 2267

See all Mithraic monuments in Moesia inferior

Places in Moesia inferior

 

Acbunar

The locality of Acbunar is associated with archaeological remains from the lower Danubian frontier zone.

 

Axiopolis

Axiopolis occupied a strategic position near the Danube crossings of Moesia Inferior.

 

Callatis

Callatis developed as an important Black Sea port on the western coast of the Pontus Euxinus.

 

Dionysopolis

Dionysopolis occupied a prominent position on the western coast of the Black Sea.

 

Durostorum

Durostorum became a major military centre of the lower Danube frontier.

 

Histria

Histria was one of the earliest Greek colonies established on the western shores of the Black Sea.

 

Istros

Under Roman rule from the 1st century CE, Histria was incorporated into the province of Moesia. The city is noted on the Tabula Peutingeriana, which places it 11 miles from Tomis and 9 miles from Ad Stoma.

 

Kirk-Bunar

The locality of Kirk-Bunar is associated with the frontier landscape of Moesia Inferior.

 

Kreta

Small settlement on the lower Vit River in northern Bulgaria, within the territory of Roman Moesia Inferior.

 

Nicopolis ad Istrum

Nicopolis ad Istrum or Nicopolis ad Iatrum was a Roman and Early Byzantine town. Its ruins are located at the village of Nikyup, 20 km north of Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. The site was placed on the Tentative List for consideration as a Wo

 

Novae

Novae was initially one of the few great Roman legionary fortresses along the empire’s border, forming part of the defences along the Danube in northern Bulgaria. It lies about 4 km east of the modern town of Svishtov.

 

Oescus

Oescus developed into a major legionary and urban centre on the lower Danube.

See all Mithraic places in Moesia inferior

Inscriptions from Moesia inferior

Tauroctony from Târgușor

Ὣριμος / πατὴ/ρ ἀνέ/θηκε/ν.
Φλ[άουιος] Ὣριμος Φλ[αουίου] Μακέδονος οἰκονόμος κατ᾽ ἐπιταγήν / θεῷ ἀνεικήτῳ Μίτρᾳ ἀνέθηκεν εἰς ἄλσος ἀπόκρυφον. / Ε᾽θφράτῃ εὔχεσθαι ἁγνῶς. Φοῖβος Νικομηδεὺς ἐποίει.
Horimos, Father, consecrated.
Flavius Horimos, steward of Flavius Macedo, by order, to the invincible god Mithras, consecrated, in a secret forest. Adore the Euphrates with piety. Phoibos of Nicomedia made [this monument].

Horimos, the ‘Father’, dedicated this.
Flavius Horimos, the supervisor of the estate of Flavius Makedon, dedicated this to the invincible god Mithras, upon [divine] command, for a secret grove. May you pray to Euphrates in a pure manner. Phoibos of Nikomedeia made this.

Tauroctony stele from Nicopolis ad Istrum

Ἀγαθῆι τύχηι. Ἡλίῳ | Μίθρᾳ | θεῷ | ἐπηκόῳ || Αὐρ[ήλιος] | Μᾶρκος | γναφεὺς | τὸ συήλιον | σὺν τῇ || ζωγραφίᾳ | κατεσκεύ|ασεν | ἐκ τῶν |ἰδίων || εὐχαρισ|τήριον.
To the lord Mithras, as an ex-voto, Galerios, son of Proteos, assistant stone cutter. To good fortune. To Helios Mithras, the listening god, Aurelios Markos, stone cutter, had the stele erected with the painting, at his own expense, as a mark of gratitude.

Inscription with Cautes and Cautopates of Steklen

Deo / Melichrisus / P. Caragoni / Philopalaestri
Melichrisus [slave of] P. Caragonius Philopalaestrus [in charge of the customs office of the sout shore of Danube] [dedicated] to the god [...].

Altar of Tettius Plotus from Oescus

T[itus] Tettiu[s] / Plotu{u}[s] / vet[eranus] leg[ionis] II[II] / F[laviae] F[elix] p[ater] s[acrorum] d[ei] / Invicti [s[olvit]] / l[ibens] m[erito].
Titus Tettius Plotus, veteran of Legion IV Flavia Felix, father of the rites [pater sacrorum] of the invincible God, willingly and justly fulfilled his vow.

Autel of Straton from Kreta

Στράτω/ν Στράρω/νος άνέθη[κεν] / τὸ[ν] βωμὸν / Ἡλίῳ Μίθρᾳ.
Straton, son of Straton, consecrated the altar to Helios Mithras.

Altar of Marcus Sikis Dossis from Kreta

[M]άρκος Σίκις Δόσσις ἔθηκε βωμὸν Ἡλίῳ Μίθρᾳ.
Marcus Sikis Dossis erected an altar to Helios Mithras.

Altar with uncertain dedication from Kreta

[τύ]χη M[(θρα)]? . . . . . last line [εὐχαρισ]τήρι(ο)ν.
To Fortune and Mithras(?) … as a thank-offering.

References

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