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Provincia

Mithras in Pannonia superior

Pannonia superior preserves one of the richest frontier corpora of Mithraic evidence along the middle Danube.

The Mithraic material documented in Pannonia superior is closely associated with military communities, urban settlements and frontier infrastructure established along the Danubian limes. The province played a major role in the expansion and consolidation of Mithraic cults within the Roman frontier system.

Mithraic monuments of Pannonia superior

 

Mithraeum I of Ptuj

The Mithraeum I of Ptuj contains the foundation, altars, reliefs and cult imagery found in it.

CIMRM 1487

 

Mithraeum III of Ptuj

Mithraeum III in Ptuj was built in two periods: the original walls were made of pebbles, while the extension of a later period was made of brick.

CIMRM 1578

 

Mithraeum I of Carnuntum

According to the scarcely detailed design of von Sacken, the lay-out of the temple must have been nearly semi-circular.

CIMRM 1664

 

Mithras rock-birth of Mithraeum III, Ptuj

Cautes and Cautopates attend the birth of Mithras from the rock in the Petrogenia of the third Mithraeum of Ptuj.

CIMRM 1593

 

Altar of Carnuntum by the Augusti and Caesares

Altar with Cautes and Cautopates dedicated to Sol Invictus Mithras as protector of the Tetrarchy in 3rd-century Carnuntum.

CIMRM 1697

 

Mithraeum of Fertőrákos

The temple of Mithras in Fertorakos was constructed by soldiers from the Carnuntum legion at the beginning of the 3rd century AD.

CIMRM 1636

 

Tauroctony relief of Fertőrákos

The main cultic relief of Mithras slaying the bull of Fertorakos was carved into the rock face.

CIMRM 1642

 

Mithraeum III of Carnuntum

Mithraeum III found in the west part of Petronell near Hintausried in August 1894 by J. Dell and C. Tragau.

CIMRM 1682

 

Mithras rock-born from Ptuj

The sculpture includes a serpent climbing the rock from which Mithras is born.

CIMRM 1492

 

Felsgeburt des Mithras

Mithras Petrogenitus, born from the rock, from the Mithraeum of Carnuntum III.

CIMRM 1687

 

Mithraeum of Rožanec

According to Hitzinger remnants of animal bones were found in front of the relief of the Mithraeum at Rozanec.

CIMRM 1481

 

Altar to Petra Genetrix from Carnuntum

Aelius Nigrinus dedicated this small altar in Carnuntum to the rock from which Mithras was born.

CIMRM 1674

See all Mithraic monuments in Pannonia superior

Places in Pannonia superior

 

Rodine

Rožanec is a settlement north of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia.

 

Brigetio

Brigetio, which became Szőny, was an independent town until 1977, when it was incorporated into Komárom. The Roman legion Legio I Adiutrix was stationed here from 86 AD until the middle of the 5th century.

 

Carnuntum

Carnuntum was a Roman legionary fortress and headquarters of the Pannonian fleet from 50 AD. After the 1st century, it was capital of the Pannonia Superior province. It also became a large city of 50,000 inhabitants.

 

Illmitz

Illmitz is a market town in the district of Neusiedl am See in Burgenland in Austria.

 

Poetovio

The Romans controlled Poetovium until the 1st century BC. It became the base camp of the Legio XIII Gemina, where they built a castrum.

 

Pregrada

Pregrada is a town and municipality in Krapina-Zagorje County in Croatia.

 

Savaria

Szombathely is the oldest recorded city in Hungary. It was founded by the Romans in 45 AD under the name of Colonia Claudia Savariensum, and it was the capital of the Pannonia Superior province of the Roman Empire.

 

Scarbantia

Sopron is a city in Hungary on the Austrian border, near Lake Neusiedl/Lake Fertő.

 

Siscia

Sisak is a city in central Croatia, spanning the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, 57 km southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavina begins, with an elevation of 99 m.

Inscriptions from Pannonia superior

Mithras rock-birth of Mithraeum III, Ptuj

D[eo] S[oli] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / pro sal[ute] officialium Apri prae/positi leg[ionum] V M[acedonicae] et XIII gem[inae] / Galli[enarum].
To the invincible god Sol Mithras, for the salvation of the members of the administrative office [officiales] of [Flavius] Aper, commander of the Macedonian legions V and XIII Gemina Galliens

Altar of Carnuntum by the Augusti and Caesares

D[eo] S[oli] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / fautori imperii sui / Iovii et Herculii / religiosissimi / Augusti et Caesares / sacrarium / restituerunt.
To the god Sol Invictus Mithras, the protector of their empire, the most devout followers of Jupiter and Hercules, the Augusti and Caesares, restored this shrine.

Tauroctony relief of Fertőrákos

---] fecit inpendio suo
[—] made (this) at his own expense

Mithras rock-born from Ptuj

Naturae dei / Prudens Primi / Antoni Rufi p[ublici] p[ortorii] / vil[ici] vic[arius].
To the birth of God. Prudentus, under the management of Primus, caretaker of the public customs office [tenant] Antonius Rufus.

Mithraeum of Rožanec

D[eo] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / d[omino] P[ublius] P[ublii] Aelii Nepos et / Proculus et Firminus / pro salute sua suorumque.
Mithras invincible god / to the master Publius Publius Aelius Nepos and / Proculus and Firminus / for the safety of their people and their relatives.

Altar to Petra Genetrix from Carnuntum

Petrae / Genetrici / P[ublius] Ael[ius] Nigri/nus sacerd[os] / v[otum] s[olvit].
To the Petra Genetrix, Publius Aelius Nigrinus, priest, has fulfilled his vow.

Flavius Aper altar (CIMRM 1584)

D[eo] S[oli] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / pro sal[ute] d[omini] n[ostri] Gallieni p[ii] f[elicis] / invicti Aug[usti] Fl[avius] Aper v[ir] e[gregius] l[ibens] m[erito].
To the invincible god Mithras, for the salvation of our pious and happy master Gallienus, the invincible emperor, Flavius Aper, a remarkable man [= knight], willingly and justly.

Altar with inscription and symbolic figures from Ptuj

Invict[o] Mithrae / et Transitu dei / Theodorus p[ublici] p[ortorii] / scrut[ator] stat[ionis] Poet[ovionensis] / ex visu.
To the invincible Mithras and for the passage [transitus] of the god, Theodorus, scrutator of the customs of the Poetovio station, following a vision.

Mithras taurophorus of Ptuj

Transitu / C[aius] Caecina / Calpurnius / temp[lum] redemi[t] et restitu[it].
For the Transitus, Caius Caecina Calpurnius bought back the temple and restored it.

Tauroctonia de Carnuntum (III ?)

T[itus] Fl[avius] Viato[r] condi fe[cit].
Titus Flavius Viator had (this) built.

Altar of Carnuntum by Sacidius Barbarus

Invicto Mitrhe / C. Sacidius Ba/rbarus [c[enturio]] leg[ionis] / XV Apol[linar[is]] / ex voto ....
To the invincible Mithras, Caius Sacidius Barbarus, centurion of the XV Apollinaris legion, upon a vow.

Bronze plaque of Sisak

D[eo] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / Aurelius Heraclides / et Agathopus fra/tres v[otum] s[olverunt] l[ibentes] m[erito].
To the invincible god Mithras, Aurelius Heraclides and Agathopus, brothers, have fulfilled a vow willingly and deservedly.

See all Mithraic inscriptions from Pannonia superior

References

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