The Mithraic material documented in Pannonia superior is closely associated with military communities, urban settlements and frontier infrastructure established along the Danubian limes. The province played a major role in the expansion and consolidation of Mithraic cults within the Roman frontier system.
Mithraic monuments of Pannonia superior
Mithraeum I of Ptuj
The Mithraeum I of Ptuj contains the foundation, altars, reliefs and cult imagery found in it.
CIMRM 1487
Mithraeum of Fertőrákos
The temple of Mithras in Fertorakos was constructed by soldiers from the Carnuntum legion at the beginning of the 3rd century AD.
CIMRM 1636
Mithraeum III of Ptuj
Mithraeum III in Ptuj was built in two periods: the original walls were made of pebbles, while the extension of a later period was made of brick.
CIMRM 1578
Mithraeum I of Carnuntum
According to the scarcely detailed design of von Sacken, the lay-out of the temple must have been nearly semi-circular.
CIMRM 1664
Altar of Carnuntum by the Augusti and Caesares
Altar with Cautes and Cautopates dedicated to Sol Invictus Mithras as protector of the Tetrarchy in 3rd-century Carnuntum.
CIMRM 1697
Winged bull torso from Mithraeum II, Ptuj
Marble torso from Mithraeum II at Ptuj, ancient Poetovio, probably representing a winged, reclining bull with two vertical attachment ligaments on the reverse.
CIMRM 1548
Tauroctony relief of Fertőrákos
The main cultic relief of Mithras slaying the bull of Fertorakos was carved into the rock face.
CIMRM 1642
Sandstone tauroctony relief from Carnuntum
Sandstone relief of Mithras killing the bull, broken in two parts and partly restored, with dog, serpent and scorpion preserved; formerly in Vienna, now on loan to the Museum Carnuntinum.
CIMRM 1665
Mithras rock-birth of Mithraeum III, Ptuj
Cautes and Cautopates attend the birth of Mithras from the rock in the Petrogenia of the third Mithraeum of Ptuj.
CIMRM 1593
Tauroctony from Sisak
This marble relief, found in Sisak, Croatia, shows Mithras killing the bull in a circle of corn ears, gods and some scenes from the Mithras myth.
CIMRM 1475
Mithraeum III of Carnuntum
Mithraeum III found in the west part of Petronell near Hintausried in August 1894 by J. Dell and C. Tragau.
CIMRM 1682
Mithraeum of Rožanec
According to Hitzinger remnants of animal bones were found in front of the relief of the Mithraeum at Rozanec.
CIMRM 1481
People attested in Pannonia superior
Places in Pannonia superior
Rodine
Rožanec is a settlement north of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia.
Aequinoctium
Aequinoctium occupied an important position along the Danubian frontier communications routes.
Atrans-Trojana
Atrans stood near the important Alpine crossing routes linking Italy with the Danubian provinces.
Brigetio
Brigetio, which became Szőny, was an independent town until 1977, when it was incorporated into Komárom. The Roman legion Legio I Adiutrix was stationed here from 86 AD until the middle of the 5th century.
Carnuntum
Carnuntum was a Roman legionary fortress and headquarters of the Pannonian fleet from 50 AD. After the 1st century, it was capital of the Pannonia Superior province. It also became a large city of 50,000 inhabitants.
Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt belongs to the western Pannonian region historically connected with the Roman frontier zone.
Modrič
Modrič lies within the Sava basin region historically associated with the western Pannonian provinces.
Neviodunum
Neviodunum developed into an important settlement along the Sava river communications corridor.
Poetovio
The Romans controlled Poetovium until the 1st century BC. It became the base camp of the Legio XIII Gemina, where they built a castrum.
Poljčane
Poljčane belongs to the southeastern Alpine region historically linked with Roman Pannonia.
Potz Neusiedl
The Neusiedl lake region formed part of the western frontier landscape of Roman Pannonia.
Inscriptions from Pannonia superior
Altar of Carnuntum by the Augusti and Caesares
Tauroctony relief of Fertőrákos
Mithras rock-birth of Mithraeum III, Ptuj
Mithraeum of Rožanec
Mithras rock-born from Ptuj
Great Tauroctony of Carnuntum Mithraeum III
Tauroctony from Stixneusiedl
Altar to Petra Genetrix from Carnuntum
Flavius Aper altar (CIMRM 1584)
Altar with inscription and symbolic figures from Ptuj
Tauroctony from Ruše
Mithras taurophorus of Ptuj
References
- Aleš Chalupa (2023) Římský kult boha Mithry. Atlas lokalit a katalog nálezů I
- Attilio Mastrocinque (2017) The Mysteries of Mithras. A Different Account
- Laurent Bricault & Philippe Roy (2021) Les cultes de Mithra dans l’Empire romain
- Manfred Clauss (1992) Cultores Mithrae. Die Anhangerschaft Des Mithras-Kultes
- Nicolas Amoroso, Laurent Bricault & Richard Veymiers (eds.) (2021) The Mystery of Mithras. Exploring the heart of a Roman cult
- Robert Turcan (1993) Mithra et le Mithriacisme











