The Mithraic evidence documented in Pannonia is exceptionally rich and closely connected to military communities stationed along the Danube frontier. The province preserves numerous monuments, inscriptions and mithraea illustrating the strong implantation of the cult within the frontier systems of the Roman Empire.
Mithraic monuments of Pannonia
Mithraeum I of Ptuj
The Mithraeum I of Ptuj contains the foundation, altars, reliefs and cult imagery found in it.
CIMRM 1487
Mithraeum IV of Aquincum
The Mithraeum of Symphorus and Marcus, in Óbuda, Budapest, has been restored to public view in 2004 and, while well presented, it has been heavily restored.
CIMRM 1767
Altar to Petra Genetrix from Budapest
Small limestone altar from Aquincum, Budapest, dedicated to Petra Genetrix.
CIMRM 1743
Mithraeum of Fertőrákos
The temple of Mithras in Fertorakos was constructed by soldiers from the Carnuntum legion at the beginning of the 3rd century AD.
CIMRM 1636
Mithraeum III of Ptuj
Mithraeum III in Ptuj was built in two periods: the original walls were made of pebbles, while the extension of a later period was made of brick.
CIMRM 1578
Mithraeum I of Carnuntum
According to the scarcely detailed design of von Sacken, the lay-out of the temple must have been nearly semi-circular.
CIMRM 1664
Altar of Carnuntum by the Augusti and Caesares
Altar with Cautes and Cautopates dedicated to Sol Invictus Mithras as protector of the Tetrarchy in 3rd-century Carnuntum.
CIMRM 1697
Winged bull torso from Mithraeum II, Ptuj
Marble torso from Mithraeum II at Ptuj, ancient Poetovio, probably representing a winged, reclining bull with two vertical attachment ligaments on the reverse.
CIMRM 1548
Tauroctony relief of Fertőrákos
The main cultic relief of Mithras slaying the bull of Fertorakos was carved into the rock face.
CIMRM 1642
Mithraeum II of Aquincum in Victorinus’s house
This temple of Mithras in Aquincum was located within the private house of the decurio Marcus Antonius Victorinus.
CIMRM 1750
Sandstone tauroctony relief from Carnuntum
Sandstone relief of Mithras killing the bull, broken in two parts and partly restored, with dog, serpent and scorpion preserved; formerly in Vienna, now on loan to the Museum Carnuntinum.
CIMRM 1665
Mithras rock-birth of Mithraeum III, Ptuj
Cautes and Cautopates attend the birth of Mithras from the rock in the Petrogenia of the third Mithraeum of Ptuj.
CIMRM 1593
People attested in Pannonia
Provinces of Pannonia
Pannonia inferior
Along the lower sectors of the middle Danube, Pannonia inferior became a major centre of Mithraic activity in the frontier provinces.
Pannonia superior
Pannonia superior preserves one of the richest frontier corpora of Mithraic evidence along the middle Danube.
Places in Pannonia
Rodine
Rožanec is a settlement north of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia.
Aequinoctium
Aequinoctium occupied an important position along the Danubian frontier communications routes.
Alcsút
Alcsút lies within the central Danubian region historically associated with Roman Pannonia Inferior.
Aquincum
Aquincum was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire.
Atrans-Trojana
Atrans stood near the important Alpine crossing routes linking Italy with the Danubian provinces.
Brigetio
Brigetio, which became Szőny, was an independent town until 1977, when it was incorporated into Komárom. The Roman legion Legio I Adiutrix was stationed here from 86 AD until the middle of the 5th century.
Budaors
Budaörs is a town in Pest County, in the metropolitan area of Budapest, Hungary. Before the Romans, the Celtic tribe of Eraviscus occupied the area for about 100 years.
Carnuntum
Carnuntum was a Roman legionary fortress and headquarters of the Pannonian fleet from 50 AD. After the 1st century, it was capital of the Pannonia Superior province. It also became a large city of 50,000 inhabitants.
Cusum
The identification of Cusum remains uncertain, though it appears connected with the Danubian frontier system of Pannonia.
Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt belongs to the western Pannonian region historically connected with the Roman frontier zone.
Inscriptions from Pannonia
Altar to Petra Genetrix from Budapest
Altar of Carnuntum by the Augusti and Caesares
Tauroctony relief of Fertőrákos
Mithras rock-birth of Mithraeum III, Ptuj
Mithraeum of Rožanec
Mithras rock-born from Ptuj
Great Tauroctony of Carnuntum Mithraeum III
Tauroctony from Stixneusiedl
Altar to Petra Genetrix from Carnuntum
Flavius Aper altar (CIMRM 1584)
Altar with inscription and symbolic figures from Ptuj
Tauroctony from Ruše
References
- Aleš Chalupa (2023) Římský kult boha Mithry. Atlas lokalit a katalog nálezů I
- Attilio Mastrocinque (2017) The Mysteries of Mithras. A Different Account
- Laurent Bricault & Philippe Roy (2021) Les cultes de Mithra dans l’Empire romain
- Manfred Clauss (1992) Cultores Mithrae. Die Anhangerschaft Des Mithras-Kultes
- Nicolas Amoroso, Laurent Bricault & Richard Veymiers (eds.) (2021) The Mystery of Mithras. Exploring the heart of a Roman cult
- Robert Turcan (1993) Mithra et le Mithriacisme











