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Mithras in Pannonia

Pannonia preserves one of the most important frontier corpora of Mithraic evidence in the Roman world.

The Mithraic evidence documented in Pannonia is exceptionally rich and closely connected to military communities stationed along the Danube frontier. The province preserves numerous monuments, inscriptions and mithraea illustrating the strong implantation of the cult within the frontier systems of the Roman Empire.

Mithraic monuments of Pannonia

See all Mithraic monuments in Pannonia

Provinces of Pannonia

 

Pannonia inferior

Along the lower sectors of the middle Danube, Pannonia inferior became a major centre of Mithraic activity in the frontier provinces.

 

Pannonia superior

Pannonia superior preserves one of the richest frontier corpora of Mithraic evidence along the middle Danube.

Places in Pannonia

 

Rodine

Rožanec is a settlement north of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia.

 

Aequinoctium

Aequinoctium occupied an important position along the Danubian frontier communications routes.

 

Alcsút

Alcsút lies within the central Danubian region historically associated with Roman Pannonia Inferior.

 

Aquincum

Aquincum was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire.

 

Atrans-Trojana

Atrans stood near the important Alpine crossing routes linking Italy with the Danubian provinces.

 

Besnyő

Besnyő belongs to the settlement landscape of the middle Danube frontier zone.

 

Brigetio

Brigetio, which became Szőny, was an independent town until 1977, when it was incorporated into Komárom. The Roman legion Legio I Adiutrix was stationed here from 86 AD until the middle of the 5th century.

 

Budaors

Budaörs is a town in Pest County, in the metropolitan area of Budapest, Hungary. Before the Romans, the Celtic tribe of Eraviscus occupied the area for about 100 years.

 

Campona

Campona occupied a strategic position south of Aquincum along the Danube frontier.

 

Carnuntum

Carnuntum was a Roman legionary fortress and headquarters of the Pannonian fleet from 50 AD. After the 1st century, it was capital of the Pannonia Superior province. It also became a large city of 50,000 inhabitants.

 

Cusum

The identification of Cusum remains uncertain, though it appears connected with the Danubian frontier system of Pannonia.

 

Eisenstadt

Eisenstadt belongs to the western Pannonian region historically connected with the Roman frontier zone.

See all Mithraic sites in Pannonia

Inscriptions from Pannonia

Altar of Carnuntum by the Augusti and Caesares

D[eo] S[oli] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / fautori imperii sui / Iovii et Herculii / religiosissimi / Augusti et Caesares / sacrarium / restituerunt.
To the god Sol Invictus Mithras, the protector of their empire, the most devout followers of Jupiter and Hercules, the Augusti and Caesares, restored this shrine.

Altar to Petra Genetrix from Budapest

Petrae genetrici.
To the Mother Rock.

Tauroctony relief of Fertőrákos

---] fecit inpendio suo
[—] made (this) at his own expense

Mithras rock-birth of Mithraeum III, Ptuj

D[eo] S[oli] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / pro sal[ute] officialium Apri prae/positi leg[ionum] V M[acedonicae] et XIII gem[inae] / Galli[enarum].
To the invincible god Sol Mithras, for the salvation of the members of the administrative office [officiales] of [Flavius] Aper, commander of the Macedonian legions V and XIII Gemina Galliens

Mithraeum of Rožanec

D[eo] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / d[omino] P[ublius] P[ublii] Aelii Nepos et / Proculus et Firminus / pro salute sua suorumque.
Mithras invincible god / to the master Publius Publius Aelius Nepos and / Proculus and Firminus / for the safety of their people and their relatives.

Great Tauroctony of Carnuntum Mithraeum III

T[itus] Fl[avius] Viato[r] condi fe[cit].
Titus Flavius Viator had (this) built.

Mithras rock-born from Ptuj

Naturae dei / Prudens Primi / Antoni Rufi p[ublici] p[ortorii] / vil[ici] vic[arius].
To the birth of God. Prudentus, under the management of Primus, caretaker of the public customs office [tenant] Antonius Rufus.

Altar to Petra Genetrix from Carnuntum

Petrae / Genetrici / P[ublius] Ael[ius] Nigri/nus sacerd[os] / v[otum] s[olvit].
To the Petra Genetrix, Publius Aelius Nigrinus, priest, has fulfilled his vow.

Flavius Aper altar (CIMRM 1584)

D[eo] S[oli] i[nvicto] M[ithrae] / pro sal[ute] d[omini] n[ostri] Gallieni p[ii] f[elicis] / invicti Aug[usti] Fl[avius] Aper v[ir] e[gregius] l[ibens] m[erito].
To the invincible god Mithras, for the salvation of our pious and happy master Gallienus, the invincible emperor, Flavius Aper, a remarkable man [= knight], willingly and justly.

Tauroctony from Stixneusiedl

D[eo] In[victo] M[ithrae] S[oli] pro s[alute] Aug[ustorum] nn[ostrorum] L[ucii] Sep[timii] / Valerius et Valerianus sex[viri] col[oniae] K[arnunti] / v[otum] s[olverunt] l[ibentes] m[erito].
To the god Sol Invictus Mithras, for the well-being of our Augusti Lucius Septimius, Valerius and Valerianus, the six-men of the colony of Carnuntum willingly and deservedly fulfilled their vow.

Altar with inscription and symbolic figures from Ptuj

Invict[o] Mithrae / et Transitu dei / Theodorus p[ublici] p[ortorii] / scrut[ator] stat[ionis] Poet[ovionensis] / ex visu.
To the invincible Mithras and for the passage [transitus] of the god, Theodorus, scrutator of the customs of the Poetovio station, following a vision.

Altar of Carnuntum by Sacidius Barbarus

Invicto Mitrhe / C. Sacidius Ba/rbarus [c[enturio]] leg[ionis] / XV Apol[linar[is]] / ex voto ....
To the invincible Mithras, Caius Sacidius Barbarus, centurion of the XV Apollinaris legion, upon a vow.

See all Mithraicinscriptions from Pannonia

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